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Setting up site search

Material for MkDocs provides an excellent, client-side search implementation, omitting the need for the integration of third-party services, which might be tricky to integrate to be compliant with data privacy regulations. Moreover, with some effort, search can be made available offline.

Configuration

Source · Plugin

The built-in search plugin integrates seamlessly with Material for MkDocs, adding multilingual client-side search with lunr and lunr-languages. It's enabled by default, but must be re-added to mkdocs.yml when other plugins are used:

plugins:
  - search

The following options are supported:

lang

Default: automatically set – This option allows to include the language-specific stemmers provided by lunr-languages. Note that Material for MkDocs will set this automatically based on the site language, but it may be overridden, e.g. to support multiple languages:

plugins:
  - search:
      lang: ru

plugins:
  - search:
      lang:
        - en
        - ru

The following languages are supported:

  • ar – Arabic
  • da – Danish
  • du – Dutch
  • en – English
  • fi – Finnish
  • fr – French
  • de – German
  • hu – Hungarian
  • it – Italian
  • ja – Japanese
  • no – Norwegian
  • pt – Portuguese
  • ro – Romanian
  • ru – Russian
  • es – Spanish
  • sv – Swedish
  • th – Thai
  • tr – Turkish
  • vi – Vietnamese

Material for MkDocs also tries to support languages that are not part of this list by choosing the stemmer yielding the best result automatically.

Only specify the languages you really need

Be aware that including support for other languages increases the general JavaScript payload by around 20kb (before gzip) and by another 15-30kb per language.

separator

Default: automatically set – The separator for indexing and query tokenization can be customized, making it possible to index parts of words separated by other characters than whitespace and -, e.g. by including .:

plugins:
  - search:
      separator: '[\s\-\.]+'
prebuild_index

Default: false · Experimental – MkDocs can generate a prebuilt index of all pages during build time, which provides performance improvements at the cost of more bandwidth, as it reduces the build time of the search index:

plugins:
  - search:
      prebuild_index: true

This may be beneficial for large documentation projects served with appropriate headers, i.e. Content-Encoding: gzip, but benchmarking before deployment is recommended.

Material for MkDocs doesn't provide official support for the other options of this plugin, so they may be supported but might yield unexpected results. Use them at your own risk.

Search suggestions

Source · Feature flag · Experimental

When search suggestions are enabled, the search will display the likeliest completion for the last word, saving the user many key strokes by accepting the suggestion with the Right key.

Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - search.suggest

Searching for search su yields search suggestions as a suggestion:

Search suggestions

Search highlighting

Source · Feature flag · Experimental

When search highlighting is enabled and a user clicks on a search result, Material for MkDocs will highlight all occurrences after following the link. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - search.highlight

Searching for code blocks yields:

Search highlighting

Search sharing

Source · Feature flag · Experimental

When search sharing is activated, a share button is rendered next to the reset button, which allows to deep link to the current search query and result. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - search.share

When a user clicks the share button, the URL is automatically copied to the clipboard.

Search sharing

Source · Plugin

If you distribute your documentation as *.html files, the built-in search will not work out-of-the-box due to the restrictions modern browsers impose for security reasons. This can be mitigated with the localsearch plugin in combination with @squidfunk's iframe-worker polyfill.

For setup instructions, refer to the official documentation.

Tip

When distributing documentation as HTML files to be opened from the file system, you will also want to set use_directory_urls: false in mkdocs.yml to make page links function correctly.

Usage

Boosting a page

Source · Metadata · Insiders only

In order to give specific pages a higher relevance in search, lunr supports page-specific boosts, which can be defined for each page by leveraging the Metadata extension:

---
search:
  boost: 100
---

# Document title
...

Customization

The search implementation of Material for MkDocs is probably its most sophisticated feature, as it tries to balance a great typeahead experience, good performance, accessibility, and a result list that is easy to scan. This is where Material for MkDocs deviates from other themes.

The following section explains how search can be customized to tailor it to your needs.

Query transformation

Source · Difficulty: easy

When a user enters a query into the search box, the query is pre-processed before it is submitted to the search index. Material for MkDocs will apply the following transformations, which can be customized by extending the theme:

export function defaultTransform(query: string): string {
  return query
    .split(/"([^"]+)"/g) /* (1) */
      .map((terms, index) => index & 1
        ? terms.replace(/^\b|^(?![^\x00-\x7F]|$)|\s+/g, " +")
        : terms
      )
      .join("")
    .replace(/"|(?:^|\s+)[*+\-:^~]+(?=\s+|$)/g, "") /* (2) */
    .trim() /* (3) */
}

  1. Search for terms in quotation marks and prepend a + modifier to denote that the resulting document must contain all terms, converting the query to an AND query (as opposed to the default OR behavior). While users may expect terms enclosed in quotation marks to map to span queries, i.e. for which order is important, lunr doesn't support them, so the best we can do is to convert the terms to an AND query.

  2. Replace control characters which are not located at the beginning of the query or preceded by white space, or are not followed by a non-whitespace character or are at the end of the query string. Furthermore, filter unmatched quotation marks.

  3. Trim excess whitespace from left and right.

If you want to switch to the default behavior of the mkdocs and readthedocs themes, both of which don't transform the query prior to submission, or customize the transform function, you can do this by overriding the config block:

{% block config %}
  {{ super() }}
  <script>
    var __search = {
      transform: function(query) {
        return query
      }
    }
  </script>
{% endblock %}

The transform function will receive the query string as entered by the user and must return the processed query string to be submitted to the search index.

Source · Difficulty: challenging

Material for MkDocs implements search as part of a web worker. If you want to switch the web worker with your own implementation, e.g. to submit search to an external service, you can add a custom JavaScript file to the docs directory and override the config block:

{% block config %}
  {{ super() }}
  <script>
    var __search = {
      worker: "<url>"
    }
  </script>
{% endblock %}

Communication with the search worker is implemented using a designated message format using discriminated unions, i.e. through the type property of the message. See the following interface definitions to learn about the message formats:

The sequence and direction of messages is rather intuitive:

  • SearchSetupMessage
  • SearchReadyMessage
  • SearchQueryMessage
  • SearchResultMessage
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